Battle of Hanau
October 30, 1813 - October 31, 1813
French victory.
As the French retreated from the disaster at Leipzig, Bavarian General Wrede moved to cut off their line of retreat at Hanau. General Wrede expected the main French army to be farther north and intended to stop only a flank force of the French army, perhaps only a corps. Unfortunately for Wrede, Hanau was directly in the French army's path, and the French were not too happy about Bavaria's recent betrayal of France. In fact, Wrede had served alongside the French in many battles. Until recently, Bavaria had been one of France's staunchest allies of the time.
Wrede had 43,000 Bavarian and Austrian troops, but made the mistake of splitting his force on opposite sides of the Kinzig River. As Napoleon arrived on the scene, he immediately grasped the opportunity and issued orders. Due to the dense woods around Hanau, the French were able to move close to the Bavarian positions virtually undetected.
Victor and Macdonald's corps quickly launched an attack against the center, while the Imperial Guard cleared away the outer enemies on the right. Behind the Imperial Guard came General Drouot with his artillery, and their superior firepower quickly silenced the Bavarian guns. As soon as the Bavarian guns were silenced, Sebastiani's cavalry charged on the right and broke what remained of the Bavarian extreme left.
Since there was only one bridge across the river, Wrede was unable to bring his troops from the other side to reinforce his positions under attack. Before long, the Bavarian left was trying to cut its way out to the left due to their inability to retreat across the bridge, but Sebastiani's cavalry continued to maul them and offer no escape. The pressure on the Bavarians was too great as the French relentlessly attacked them and forced them back against the river. Hundreds of Bavarians drowned as they were pushed back by the French, but Wrede managed to rally his forces on the safer side of the river in Hanau.
Napoleon did not care to pursue Wrede into Hanau, as the road west was all that he needed for his plans, and it was now cleared. As the French army continued west, a smaller force was left to deal with Wrede, and moved into Hanau the next day with little resistance. Wrede had learned his lesson and abandoned Hanau, and the French had satisfied some of their rage at Bavaria's betrayal and the outcome of Leipzig.
Sources: Chandler (Campaigns of Napoleon)
External Links:
| Officer | Unit | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Arrighi de Casanova | Général de division | |
| Belliard | La Grande Armée - Staff | Général de division |
| Berthier | La Grande Armée - Chief of Staff | Maréchal |
| Bertrand | IV Corps | Général de division |
| Bonaparte | La Grande Armée | Empereur |
| Colbert-Chabanais | Général de brigade | |
| Curial | Old Guard | Général de division |
| Drouot | Imperial Guard - Artillery | Général de division |
| Friant | Old Guard | Général de division |
| Lefebvre-Desnouettes | Général de division | |
| Macdonald | XI Corps | Maréchal |
| Marmont | VI Corps | Maréchal |
| Milhaud | V Cavalry Corps (Pajol) - 6th Dragoon Division | Général de division |
| Morand | IV Corps (Bertrand) - 12th Division | Général de division |
| Nansouty | Imperial Guard - Cavalry | Général de division |
| Ornano | Général de division | |
| Roguet | Young Guard - 4th Division | Général de division |
| Sebastiani de la Porta | II Cavalry Corps | Général de division |
| Victor Perrin | II Corps | Maréchal |
| Walther | Old Guard - 3rd Cavalry Division | Général de division |
| Wathiez | 2nd Brigade (Exelmans) | Général de brigade |